Learning Reading

I love to read. I find it to be the most excellent of all our invented human forms of communication. But how often do we really think about what we are doing when we read? I recently read a brief, Near-Eastern/Western history of reading on www.liveink.com that summed it all up rather nicely. To paraphrase:

Verbal communication is millions of years old, but it was only about 6000 years ago that the Sumerians began drawing pictures in clay to portray ideas and keep track of supplies and events. This is our first evidence of written communication.

About 2000 years later, in 2000 B.C., the Phoenicians came up with the first symbols to represent the sounds of human speech. This first writing was a string of consonants crammed together to represent spoken words (THSFRSTLPHBTWSSTRNGFCNSNTSCRMDTGTHRTRPRSNTSPKNWRDS).

Around 1000 B.C., the Greeks invented vowels(AROUND1000BCTHEGREEKSINVENTEDVOWELS)...

Around 200 B.C., the first punctuation appeared (AROUND200B.C.,THEFIRSTPUNCTUATIONAPPEARED.)...

Around 700 A.D., lowercase letters were developed by Medieval scribes (Around700A.D.,lowercaselettersweredevelopedbyMedievalscribes)...

About 200 years later, in 900 A.D., words were finally separated by spaces, making it possible finally to read silently, rather than sounding out letters out loud. This was a big deal.

Notice that most of the tweaks and advancements in writing and reading were developed concurrently with or even after the writing of the individual books of the Bible, which took place here and there roughly between 1000 B.C. and 150 A.D.

Realizing that we have no original scripture documents – NONE – we can see how remarkable (yes, even miraculous) it is that we have a Bible at all. Our sacred documents come to us from copies of copies of copies of copies of texts written in nearly indecipherable blocks of letters on animal skins, clay or papyrus, each and every letter of which was painstakingly read and rewritten by oil lamp or candlelight by tired monks with aching eyes. A single misplaced, skipped or repeated letter out of millions could change entirely the meaning of a word or passage. In time, these writings would be translated into other languages, and those translations updated as languages evolved. Eventually, scribes would be replaced by movable type, then... you get the idea. The Bibles we read today have passed through countless human hands to get to us. God is God, but writing and reading are uniquely human. It may be God's word, but our mortal fingerprints and thinking are all over, around and through it!

Let us also recognize that we read different materials differently. I suspend disbelief for a good work of fantasy. I read over the same lines repeatedly and open my imagination to complex metaphor for poetry. A text book requires interactive attention, maybe even the taking of notes. I may find myself checking for author bias, or weighing statements against other sources in a work of biography. In short, when I enter the library, how I will read depends on the section in which I am reading.

The Bible – from the Greek Biblios, meaning library – is a collection of books of various sources from various eras in Near-Eastern history: Some of it is the written preservation of stories and rules once memorized and spoken around campfires and communal tents (Torah – The Law or The Teachings). Some of it is a collection of social and political commentaries of various eras (the Prophets). Some of it is the collected wisdom and sacred songs of this or that ruling class (Psalms and Proverbs). Some is the collected accounts of the life, teachings and ministry of our Messiah and his common followers (The Gospels and Acts). Some is the collected letters of itinerant preachers to local churches (the letters of Paul, Peter, John and Jude). Some is political polemic written in veiled terms and thinly disguised code (Revelation). How we read each of these books in our holy library depends on which book we are reading. So, when we read Psalm 137, we should not take it as God's will that we dash the babies of our perceived enemies on the rocks! No, we should read the anger and frustration in the sacred Blues sung by an exiled people toward their captors, the Babylonians. We should feel their sheer desperation for God to rescue them and restore justice. We should, in short, use Psalm 137 as a reminder of what happens to a human soul robbed of its freedom and dignity, and strive to neither oppressed nor oppressor be!

And while we're thinking of it, let's consider the human authors of these books. There is a German term – sitz im leben – which literally means “life setting” of a text. Who was writing this? What was their station in life? What was happening around them when they wrote it? Consider, for example, Paul's admonition from 1st Timothy 2:

Let a woman learn in silence with full submission. I permit no woman to teach or to have authority over a man; she is to keep silent. For Adam was formed first, then Eve; and Adam was not deceived, but the woman was deceived and became a transgressor. Yet she will be saved through childbearing, provided they continue in faith and love and holiness, with modesty.

This is written in our Bibles! Does that mean that we should bar women from preaching and teaching men? Should a man turn off his radio if Joyce Meyer comes on? For the misguided literalist, yes!

But suppose I don't simply read these verses as a timeless command directly from God, but rather, as an excerpt from a letter written by a devout man in 1st century Palestine? In his day, women were almost entirely illiterate and unschooled. In his day, there were only a few men in larger villages who might have access to scripture and theological training. That was this letter's sitz im leben.

Would we remove a female seminary professor or pastor in this day and age solely due to her genitalia and a surface reading of 1st Timothy? Yes, some of us would, despite the vast difference between the era in which this verse was written and our own. This is an example of the damage that can be done when we insist on a childish relationship with scripture. We must not lean on our own understanding, but rather trust in God and the wisdom imparted through the ages. We can dig deeper than our own surface understanding of a text to encounter God's will in scripture. It takes prayerful dedication and hard work, but isn't Godly wisdom worth it?!? If we prayerfully, carefully apply the standards of Paul to our modern reality, we may instead say:

Let those who are unschooled learn in silence with full submission. I permit no ignorant person to teach or have authority over a church. For it was through ignorance and deception that Adam and Eve became transgressors. Yet they will be saved through their life roles, provided they continue in faith and love and holiness, with modesty.

I did not simply pull this interpretation out of thin air, but did my humble best to consider what God may be communicating to me through Paul. I do so humbly, recognizing that I might not have it quite right, and leaning hard on my years of training, research, study of ancient languages and cultures, and my continuing life in Christ and Christian community. If you plan to do the same, I would recommend you do so in community with others, including (as Paul insists above) one or more leaders well-schooled in scripture and tradition. This is very much in the tradition of the rabbis from the first days through today, including Paul and ESPECIALLY Jesus.

Scary? Overwhelming? Darn right it is! But we are called by the God of the Living to no less than our best efforts. In other words, dig in, think, discuss, pray, learn, apply and live!

Happy are those who do not follow the advice of the wicked, or take the path that sinners tread, or sit in the seat of scoffers; but their delight is in the law of the LORD, and on his law they meditate day and night. - Psalm 1:1-2